Cannabis laws
by state

Alabama legalized medical cannabis in 2021 via the Darren Wesley ‘Ato’ Hall Compassion Act. Home cultivation remains prohibited for both patients and caregivers; all product must be obtained from state-licensed dispensaries.

Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to six cannabis plants, with no more than three being mature and flowering at any one time. A household with multiple adults may grow up to 12 plants with a maximum of six mature plants. Plants must be kept out of public view and are protected under Alaska’s right-to-privacy provisions when fewer than 25 plants are grown in a private home.

Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to six marijuana plants at home under Proposition 207 (2020). All plants must be enclosed, locked, and out of public view. Homes with multiple adults may grow up to 12 plants total. Plants cannot be visible from public view without the use of binoculars or aircraft, and local jurisdictions may impose stricter rules than state law allows.

Arkansas legalized medical cannabis in 2016 via Amendment 98. Home cultivation remains strictly prohibited for all patients and caregivers. All medical cannabis must be obtained from state-licensed Compassionate Care Centers. Attempting to grow any number of plants at home is a felony offense.

Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to six plants per private residence for personal use under Proposition 64 (2016). Plants must be grown in a secured, non-visible location. Local jurisdictions may require outdoor grows to be indoors, but cannot prohibit indoor personal cultivation.

Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to six cannabis plants for personal use, with no more than three plants in the flowering stage at any one time. A residence may not exceed 12 plants total regardless of the number of adults living there. Plants must be kept indoors in an enclosed, locked area that cannot be viewed openly. Local jurisdictions may impose stricter regulations.

Since July 1, 2023, adults 21 and older in Connecticut may cultivate up to six cannabis plants at home, with no more than three mature (flowering) and three immature plants at any one time. Households with multiple adults may grow up to 12 plants total. All plants must be grown indoors in a secured, locked area that is not visible to the public.

Delaware legalized adult-use cannabis in 2024, with dispensary sales beginning August 1, 2025. However, home cultivation remains prohibited. Adults 21+ may legally possess and purchase up to one ounce of cannabis through licensed dispensaries, but growing cannabis at home is not permitted under state law.

Florida’s medical cannabis program, established by Amendment 2 (2016), does not permit home cultivation for any patients or caregivers. All medical cannabis must be cultivated, processed, and dispensed by state-licensed facilities. Unlicensed home cultivation is a third-degree felony.

Georgia’s medical cannabis program is limited to low-THC oil (maximum 0.5% THC) for registered patients via the Georgia Access to Medical Cannabis Commission. Home cultivation is prohibited for all cannabis varieties. All medical cannabis products must be obtained through licensed dispensaries.

Hawaii permits home cultivation only for registered medical patients. Patients with a valid Hawaii medical cannabis registry card (Form 329) may cultivate up to 10 plants at their designated grow site. As of May 2025, caregivers may also cultivate, with a single caregiver permitted to serve up to five qualifying patients. Under HB 302 (2025), any physician, APRN, or hospice provider may certify a patient when medical cannabis would provide therapeutic or palliative benefit — the previous qualifying-condition list was removed.

Cannabis remains entirely illegal in Idaho for both medical and recreational purposes. Home cultivation is strictly prohibited with severe criminal penalties. As of April 2026, cannabis legalization initiatives are being prepared for the November 2026 ballot, though a proposed medical cannabis initiative does not include home cultivation rights, and an adult-use measure would require voter approval to take effect.

Illinois legalized adult-use cannabis, but home cultivation is restricted to registered medical patients only. Qualified medical cannabis patients may cultivate up to five plants per household in an enclosed, locked area not visible to the public. Recreational users cannot legally cultivate any plants. Landlords may prohibit cultivation on rental properties, even for medical cardholders.

Cannabis remains completely illegal in Indiana for medical and recreational use. Home cultivation is prohibited and classified as a class B misdemeanor. Indiana does not operate a medical cannabis program, and multiple legislative efforts to establish one have failed. As of 2026, no major cannabis legalization is expected, though some decriminalization proposals have been introduced in the legislature.

Iowa has a very restrictive medical cannabis program that bans home cultivation for all patients, including qualified medical cardholders. Only two state-licensed manufacturers may cultivate cannabis, and patients are limited to 4.5 grams of THC every 90 days unless they obtain a waiver. All cannabis must be obtained through the state’s narrow medical cannabis distribution system; home growing is illegal even with a medical card.

Cannabis is completely illegal in Kansas for both medical and recreational purposes. Home cultivation is strictly prohibited and classified as a felony for amounts exceeding four plants. Kansas does not operate a medical cannabis program. Multiple legalization bills have been introduced in 2026, but legislative advancement remains unlikely as of April 2026.

Kentucky launched a medical cannabis program on January 1, 2025, via SB 47, but home cultivation is prohibited. Registered patients must obtain all cannabis from state-licensed dispensaries. Patients may possess a 30-day supply in their residence and a 10-day supply on their person. Cultivation of fewer than five plants remains a misdemeanor; larger amounts are felonies.

Louisiana legalized medical cannabis under the Therapeutic Marijuana Act, but home cultivation is prohibited for all patients and caregivers. Medical cardholders may purchase up to 2.5 ounces of cannabis every 14 days from state-licensed medical dispensaries. Only two state-licensed producers may cultivate cannabis; personal growing is classified as production of a controlled substance, regardless of intent.

Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to 6 mature cannabis plants and 12 immature cannabis plants for personal adult use under Maine’s adult-use legalization. Plants must be grown in a private residence and not visible from a public way without optical aids. Municipalities may opt out of allowing home cultivation, and landlords may prohibit growing on rental property. Seedlings are unlimited in number.

Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to 2 cannabis plants per private residence, with a household maximum of 2 plants regardless of the number of adults living there. Plants must be out of public view and secured to prevent access by minors or unauthorized individuals. Adults may also legally manufacture cannabis concentrates at home using non-flammable solvents for personal use. Landlords may prohibit cultivation on rental properties.

Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to six plants per person in their primary residence, with a household maximum of 12 plants for two or more adults. Plants must be grown in a locked, secure area and cannot be visible from public places. Massachusetts legalized recreational cannabis via ballot initiative in 2016 (Question 4), and home cultivation became legal on December 15, 2016.

Michigan allows adults 21 and older to cultivate up to 12 plants per household for personal use without a permit or license. Plants must be grown in an enclosed, locked area and not visible from public spaces. Michigan legalized recreational cannabis via the Regulation and Taxation of Marihuana Act (MRTMA) approved by voters on November 6, 2018, with home cultivation becoming legal on December 6, 2018.

Minnesota legalized recreational cannabis on May 30, 2023, when Governor Tim Walz signed House File 100 into law. Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to eight plants per residence, with no more than four plants in mature/flowering stage at any time. Plants must be grown in an enclosed, locked space out of public view. Possession and home cultivation became legal on August 1, 2023.

Mississippi legalized medical cannabis via Senate Bill 2095, signed into law in February 2022, but home cultivation remains prohibited for all patients and caregivers. All medical cannabis must be obtained through state-licensed medical cannabis establishments. The Mississippi Department of Health regulates the medical cannabis program and maintains strict control over all cultivation and distribution.

Missouri voters approved Amendment 3 on November 8, 2022, legalizing recreational cannabis for adults 21 and older. Home cultivation is permitted but requires obtaining a state cultivation card (fee: $56.27). Adults may cultivate up to six flowering plants, six non-flowering plants, and six clones at home. The amendment included landmark automatic expungement of prior cannabis convictions for conduct now legal.

Montana legalized recreational cannabis via voter initiative in 2020 and began allowing home cultivation on July 1, 2023. Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to two mature plants and two seedlings per residence for personal use. Plants must be kept hidden from public view and must be tagged with the grower’s name, driver’s license number, and a personal-use declaration. Montana voters also approved medical cannabis in 2020, establishing a separate program for registered patients.

Nebraska voters approved medical cannabis initiatives in November 2024, establishing the Medical Cannabis Commission to regulate the program. However, home cultivation is prohibited—only state-licensed commercial growers may cultivate cannabis. Patients must obtain medical cannabis from licensed dispensaries. The regulatory framework prioritizes professional cultivators and product manufacturers, with medical dispensaries expected to open in 2026.

Nevada allows adults 21 and older to cultivate up to six cannabis plants at home; this limit increases to 12 plants per household if the residence is more than 25 miles from a licensed dispensary. Plants must be grown in an enclosed space equipped with a lock or security device. This distance requirement effectively prohibits home cultivation in Las Vegas and Reno, where dispensaries are ubiquitous. Nevada legalized recreational cannabis via ballot initiative in 2016.

New Hampshire has legalized medical cannabis through its Therapeutic Cannabis Program, but home cultivation remains prohibited for all patients and caregivers. All registered patients must obtain cannabis from one of the state’s licensed Alternative Treatment Centers (ATCs). Multiple bills to allow patient home cultivation have been introduced but have not passed the state Senate.

New Jersey legalized recreational and medical cannabis but uniquely prohibits home cultivation for both adults and registered patients. All cannabis must be purchased from state-licensed dispensaries. Cultivation of even one plant is a crime—growing fewer than 10 plants is a third-degree crime carrying 3–5 years in prison and up to $25,000 in fines. The state legislature is considering bills (A1674, S1758, S2564) to permit limited home cultivation, but no legalization has yet occurred as of 2026.

Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to six mature and six immature cannabis plants per person at a private residence under the Cannabis Regulation Act (2021). Households are limited to 12 mature plants total, regardless of the number of adults. Plants must not be visible from a public place, and homegrown cannabis is for personal use only—no sales or trading permitted.

Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to three mature and three immature cannabis plants per person at a primary residence under the Marijuana Regulation and Taxation Act (2021). Household limit is six mature and six immature plants, regardless of the number of adults. Plants must be kept in a secured location not visible from a public space and not accessible to minors. Home cultivation rules were approved by regulators in 2024.

Home cultivation of cannabis is prohibited in North Carolina. The state has no adult-use or medical cannabis program, though the Epilepsy Alternative Treatment Act permits registered patients with intractable epilepsy to use low-THC cannabis extract (less than 0.9% THC, at least 5% CBD). However, home cultivation is not permitted even for those patients. Note: The Eastern Band of the Cherokee Nation has legalized adult-use cannabis on tribal lands as of September 2024, but this does not apply to non-tribal lands in North Carolina.

Home cultivation of cannabis is prohibited in North Dakota. Medical marijuana was legalized in 2016 under the Compassionate Care Act (Initiated Measure 5), but the state legislature amended the law in 2017 to remove home cultivation. Registered medical marijuana patients and caregivers can purchase from licensed dispensaries (compassion centers) only.

Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to six cannabis plants per person at a primary residence. Households are limited to 12 plants total, regardless of the number of adults. Plants must be grown in a secured, enclosed area (closet, room, greenhouse) not visible from a public space and not accessible to minors. Under Senate Bill 56 (effective March 2026), cultivation limits remain unchanged, though other regulations were modified.

Registered medical marijuana patients in Oklahoma may cultivate up to six mature cannabis plants and six seedling plants at home under State Question 788 (2018). The Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority (OMMA) administers the program with no qualifying condition restrictions. Patients may also designate caregivers to cultivate on their behalf. All other home cultivation remains prohibited.

Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to four cannabis plants per household under Measure 91 (2014). The household limit applies regardless of the number of adults residing there. Plants can be grown indoors or outdoors but must not be visible from a public space. Homegrown cannabis is for personal use only and cannot be sold or bartered.

Home cultivation of cannabis is prohibited in Pennsylvania, even for registered medical marijuana patients. All medical cannabis must be purchased from state-licensed dispensaries. Cultivation of any cannabis plants is a felony, with penalties of 2.5 to 5 years imprisonment and a $15,000 fine for possession of fewer than 10 plants. The state’s medical marijuana program only permits licensed grower/processor facilities.

Adults 21 and older may cultivate up to three mature and three immature cannabis plants (six total) per household for personal use under the Rhode Island Cannabis Act (2022). Plants must be grown in an enclosed, locked area not visible to the public. Households with 12 or fewer total plants and compliance with local ordinances are permitted; local jurisdictions may further regulate or prohibit home cultivation within their boundaries.

Home cultivation of cannabis is prohibited in South Carolina and is prosecuted as a felony. The state has no medical cannabis program and no adult-use program. Julian’s Law (2014) permits registered epilepsy patients to use low-THC cannabis extract (less than 0.9% THC, at least 15% CBD), but home cultivation is not allowed. Pending legislation (SB 53, Compassionate Care Act) remains unresolved as of 2026.

South Dakota legalized medical cannabis in 2020 through Initiated Measure 26 (IM 26). Registered patients may cultivate up to two mature and two immature plants at home in a locked enclosure, provided they live more than 20 miles from a licensed dispensary and pay a $20 home cultivation registration fee. Recreational cannabis remains illegal; the state Supreme Court overturned a 2020 recreational measure in 2021.

Tennessee has no medical or recreational cannabis program. Home cultivation of marijuana is prohibited and constitutes a felony. The state permits only hemp-derived CBD products with less than 0.3% THC, and as of January 1, 2026, the Tennessee Alcoholic Beverage Commission regulates hemp-derived cannabinoid products, banning sales of products exceeding 0.3% THC by dry weight volume and limiting potency to 15 mg per serving.

Home cultivation of cannabis is illegal in Texas. The Compassionate Use Program permits low-THC cannabis for qualified patients, but all product must be dispensed through licensed dispensaries — patients and caregivers may not grow their own.

Utah legalized medical cannabis through the Utah Medical Cannabis Act (Proposition 2). Registered patients may purchase cannabis from state-licensed medical cannabis pharmacies, but home cultivation is prohibited for all patients and caregivers. Growing even a single marijuana plant without a license is a felony under the Utah Controlled Substance Act. Recreational cannabis remains illegal.

Vermont became the first state to legalize cannabis through legislative action via Act 86 (2018), signed by Governor Phil Scott. Adults 21 and older may possess up to 1 ounce and cultivate a maximum of two mature and four immature plants per dwelling, regardless of the number of adults. Plants must be grown in an area screened from public view with limited access. Harvested cannabis stored indoors on the cultivation property does not count toward possession limits. Retail sales began October 1, 2022, following Act 164 (2020).

Adults 21 and older may legally cultivate up to four cannabis plants at their primary residence. Homegrown plants must be kept from public view without optical aids, protected from access by persons under 21, and tagged with the cultivator’s name and driver’s license number. Home extraction of cannabis is prohibited. Virginia allows possession and sharing of up to 1 ounce. A retail market for adult-use cannabis is being established with retail sales targeted to begin January 1, 2027, following legislation passed in March 2026.

Washington legalized recreational cannabis through Initiative 502 (2012), making it one of the first states to do so. However, home cultivation of cannabis for recreational use is strictly prohibited and constitutes a class C felony. Only registered medical patients or their designated providers may grow cannabis at home (up to 6 plants, or up to 15 if medically necessary). Multiple bills to legalize recreational home grows, including Senate Bill 6204, have been introduced since 2021 but have not passed into law.

West Virginia legalized medical cannabis in 2017 via the West Virginia Medical Cannabis Act (Senate Bill 386). Registered patients may purchase cannabis from state-licensed dispensaries, but home cultivation is prohibited. Cultivation without a license is a felony punishable by 1 to 5 years imprisonment and up to $1,000 in fines. While legislation to allow patient home cultivation has been introduced (notably HB 3230), it has not been enacted into law. Recreational cannabis remains illegal.

Wisconsin has no medical or recreational cannabis program. Cannabis remains illegal for all uses, and home cultivation is prohibited. Possession of any amount is a misdemeanor or felony, depending on prior offenses and intent. Legalization bills have been introduced repeatedly, most recently SB 1045 in 2026, but none has passed. Only hemp-derived CBD products with less than 0.3% THC are legal under federal and state law.

Wyoming has no legal cannabis program — neither medical nor recreational. Home cultivation is a felony, and even a single plant can carry prison time and significant fines. Multiple medical cannabis and decriminalization bills have been introduced in the Wyoming Legislature but have not advanced. The only exception is hemp-derived CBD products containing 0.3% THC or less, legal under the federal 2018 Farm Bill.